A tire of policies in our country are with high costs The thinking of the family planning remains to adjust

A tire of policies in our country are with high costs The thinking of the family planning remains to adjust
A tire of policies in our country are with high costs The thinking of the family planning remains to adjust
That the end of April announces the sixth national census of China ' Call " six is general " in the following text )The data reveal, in recent years, bearing the will to already obviously reduce of people, and weigh the index of birth level - -The fertility rate of the total has already been well below the generation replacement level of 2.1, may be lower than 1.5. This means, a couple only give birth to 1.5 children throughout one's life. In the near future, Chinese people will change over to negative growth soon, will control the population policy born to demand urgently to adjust strictly. Bear, control costly the beginning of the seventies of last century, China tried the gentle plan child-bearing policy, rely mainly on popularizing contraception knowledge and popularizing the technology of birth control. After 1980, in order to control population growth, implemented it with " a child " It is a child-bearing policy of the main fact. Hereafter, under the pressure examined in the achievements, the government at the basic level, in order to finish higher authorities' task, some rude administration means arise at the historic moment. In the 80s and 90s of last century, take place frequently around the malignant incident of birth control or incident of violence, perceive for the policy-making level gradually. Hereafter, managed birth control to include in the legal orbit and become every common understanding. On December 29, 2001, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed " population and birth control law " formally, the first regulation is right " Have children outside the state plan " The family collects " The social cost of maintenance " . Will it be August 2 2002, the State Council announce " social cost of maintenance impose management " formally, the target collecting it is mainly to have children outside the state plan in the family, the concrete method is collected according to local's certain multiple of per capita income. Hereafter, birth control was fined and " legalized " at last . " population and birth control law " stipulate, " the citizen, legal person or other organizations think the administrative organ infringe its legitimate rights and interests in implementing the management of birth control, can apply for the administrative reconsideration or bring administrative litigation in accordance with the law " ,However, are limited by at the administrative pressure from top to bottom, enforce the law in violence at the basic level the question still occurs frequently. Professor of Peking University sociology department Li Jian thinks newly, the reason why the family planning officers at the basic level dare to enforce the law in violence, drive with administrative achievement examination mechanism and interests now relevantly. Bear and control and is included in the achievements ring upon ring examining, government and family planning department at the basic level do not dare to neglect naturally. Or, the family planning fines the severely afflicated area that becomes rural arbitrary charge instead. Started after the reform of rural expenses of taxation in 2000, the income was greatly reduced outside the system organized in village. In 2006, China cancelled the agricultural tax in an all-round way, most villages and towns finance of the Midwest showed even more narrowly. In some places, fine " creates income " by the family planning Become the ways to pile up more money of governments of villages and towns. Meanwhile, revenue and expenditure of social cost of maintenance are confused, quite general too in the whole country. Preliminary statistics of Population Planning Committee according to Hunan Province were only 2004 and 2005, the social cost of maintenance did not stipulate the proportion of the expenditure, up to 88.04% and 87.11% separately. Among them, the majority is used in organ's expenditure of the villages and towns. That is to say, these social cost of maintenance, has been mostly used up directly by governments of villages and towns. Conflict of the people of the officer enforcing the law and bringing in violence and contradiction, injure common people's trust to the government seriously, this is a kind of sociopolitical cost different to appraise. Meanwhile, because control and bear strictly, the national birth control system has hundreds of thousands of civil servants,etc., therefore expenditure and social cost brought can't be looked small either. Low fertility rate is challenged Chinese Israel " A child " Bear and control the policy for being central, has already exceeded for 30 years so far. For over 30 years, " a child " Policy impact on China's socio-economic development very huge, meanwhile, people educational circles and the public to how assess cost and income of policy this, deposit and have objection too. The supporter thinks, " a child " The policy has controlled the too fast growth of China's population effectively, has reduced the consumption of resources and the energy, for the advantage that growth has been offered fast of China's economy. The opposition person thinks, " a child " The policy aggravated the senilization process of China, caused the workforce to supply shortage, aggravate men and women and was born in the future the sex ratio lacked proper cared, and cause a series of social concern. Six general data announced at the end of April this year find, China's actual fertility rate has been already quite low, official side estimated to well below this, but the senilization intensity is more serious than ones that anticipated. Meanwhile, the men and women following birth control were born the sex ratio still remained high. The population scholar points out, in the face of the new population situation, should consider adjusting the current child-bearing policy in time. Six is general to reveal, by November 1, 2010, the total population in China Mainland is 1,340 million people. Chinese social research and development centre researcher, Guo Zhi of professor of sociology department of Peking University just pointed out, this newest figure, in fact prove, China's fertility rate is not general and low at present, but very low. It can not be 1.8 that the responsible institution of the population called firmly, but prominent lower, even is lower than 1.5. Five years ago, the party concerned was drafting " eleven five " At the time of population project, fix the total scale of population of 2010 for 1,360 million. This is calculating and obtaining according to about 1.8 of fertility rate on the basis of total population 1,308 million of 2005. If like this, from 2006 to 2010, China's population number would increase by 50 million, increased about 10 million every year. But than " eleven five " national total population that census announce this Population project has counted and lacked 20 million. That is to say, China's average annual population only increases more than 6 million, are counted and lack of nearly 4 million with population project. Guo Zhi just pointed out, the contrast of this kind of objective and census data was proved, the fertility rate of China was over-evaluated seriously in the past. In demographer's view, does the real problem lie in, what kind low fertility rate will China really maintain? Demographer, Tsing-Hua University - Brookings' public policy director of research center Wang Feng point out, population absolute number and growth rate announced in census will be calculated according to 2010, during the decade in the past, the total fertility rate of China should not exceed 1.5. If continue " Steady low birth level " ,It is then steady in 1.5, 1.6 on earth, or steady on 1.8? Wang Feng points out, if China stabilizes fertility rate in 1.8, then should stop carrying out only-child's policy now, and encourage bearing, bring birth level up to 1.8 from 1.5. Total fertility rate of 1.5, has already been well below developed countries such as Britain, U.S.A., France,etc.. The supply of this workforce needed toward economic growth of future, endowment insurance system are great challenges. Another side of low fertility rate is that the senilization is aggravated. The sign of the current aged society of definition in the world, population accounts for 10% of total population over 60, or population accounts for 7% of total population over 65. 200 In 0, population accounts for 7% of national population in China 65, China has already stepped into the threshold of senilization. The newest census data reveals, in 2010, the old man will account for 8.87% of total population in China 65. And old population's proportion over the main countries and regions 65 of world, developing countries? Sodium proud ����? . 8%, the average of the developed country is 15.9%, the senilization of China is catching up with and surpassing the developed country fast. Recently, Ma JianTang, chief of State Statistics Bureau, is understanding " six is being general " Point out after the 2013 year, the intersection of resource and total amount, workforce of China, will drop progressively too at the data, and send frequently in the southeast coastal area in recent years " The recruitment is neglected " It is a signal. The wealth new network is worn cheap and gently on 2011.05.16


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