Improve by 0.01 seconds and break through

Improve by 0.01 seconds and break through
Improve by 0.01 seconds and break through
Staff reporter Tan Jia In the Beijing Olympic Games woman's marathon race that is held on August 17, the 38 -year-old Romanian veteran asks Metz storehouse to guide the tower and win Beijing Olympic Games woman's marathon gold medal with the achievement of 2 hours 26 minutes and 26 seconds. The human body is as the organic individual, there is physiological limit. Intensity, weight, proportion, speed of nerve transmission of muscle of skeleton determine people how sharp does it can run really and how long does it run and how high does it beat synthetically. Physiological factor influence, take exercises limit to be most apt to let people it sends out such sports activities of query to be probably marathon. The plain of marathon reaches 42.195 kilometers of distance for two places of square of the centre of Athens - -Standard distance of the whole journey of the marathon. Finish this one and exceed running at a long distance, is approaching the course with terminal human physical stamina constantly. 2 hours 4 minutes and 4 seconds, it is the marathon man's world record created by Kenya's long-distance race player special Gatt. French scientist has been studied for many years to declare, mankind's present sports level has already approached physiological limit, the possibility to set a world record 2060 years later is very few, the marathon speed, in order to improve by 0.01 seconds as the goal. How does the physiological factor influence movement limit? Famous popular science writer Zhao Zhi really says, this will be talked about from human body energy supply way. From the biochemical viewpoint, the energy supply in the human body is divided into 3 kinds systematically - -Phosphoric acid yuans of function system, glycolysis power systematic and aerobic metabolism power systematic. Storing many kinds of energy materials, factors such as the energy supply result, movement intensity, movement duration according to sports events institute's request,etc. in the human muscle, by 3 kinds of energy supplies way according to will certainly in proper order and rates corresponding utilize alternative, carry on the energy supply. In short time, large intensity such as the dash, jumping, throwing move, the human body mainly relies on phosphoric acid yuan and candy anaerobic glycolysis to power, it does not have oxygen sports that these movements belong to. The energy supply way of the marathon is basically aerobics. With the extension of time of sports, candy, fat, protein in the human body begin to decompose under the sufficient situation of oxygen and can produce. The marathon needs to run more than 30,000 steps within more than two hours, consume heat of more than 2500 calories, it is typical aerobics. Let the aerobics of the human body continue to the maximum extent, offer energy for running, need sufficient oxygen. Marathon player maximum to take a photograph of the intersection of oxygen and quantity, the intersection of heart and output power, blood to to it carries ability to be decisive terms oxygen. These are that the mankind is innate, can not improve limitlessly. Speed " white skin " And endurance " Red skin " Zhao Zhi really says, the energy of all life forms circulates and must pass " intermediary " on the earth Come to go on. The indispensable one " The intermediary " It is ATP, abbreviated as ATP. The importance to life of its is second only to DNA. It is that people absorb starch, fat and protein from in food after resolving, a part of energy produced maintains the body temperature, a part produces ATP, store chemical energy on phosphoric acid key of high energy. ATP in the muscle resolves into two phosphoric acid adenosine and creatine at the time of sports, it is for muscles to shrink to release energy at the same time. However, only store micro- ATP in people's muscles and want to keep sports to supplement in time. The regenerated ATP swiftest route is to formate creatine phoshate and two phosphoric acid adenosine. However, people, in the sports of the high strength, " stock " in muscles Less than creatine phoshates 10 second relieve oneself and can consume totally. In muscle glycogenic to make ATP through glycolysis, this piece power course, can keep two minutes probably. No matter phosphoric acid yuans of the intersection of function and system or glycolysis power systematic, need participation of oxygen, so does not have oxygen sports to call. With the extension of time of sports, the increase of the energy demand, the human body needs activation breathing and circulatory system, utilize fat in oxygen in air and body " Burn " Come to high efficiency to supply ATP. At this moment, people entered aerobic stage. The expert points out, the human muscle fibre is divided for fast " white skin " Strong with endurance " Red skin " . Two all muscle fibre have specialty, degree of dependence in oxygen different. " white skin " China promotes phosphoric acid to change and compare with glycoclastic enzyme " Red skin " A lot of 2 time to 3 time, much faster too that the neuron conducts the speed. " red skin " China's oxidase activity is higher, the capillary is more abundant, mitochondria and " the skin is red " There are more albumens. So, " white skin " Dominant athletes are good at in 100-meter dash oxygen sports do not in dash test explosive force, " red skin " Dominant athlete suitable for marathon, rice Wan, run one the intersection of test and aerobic of endurance. " red skin " With " white skin " Allocation proportion relate to race. Having understood this reason, it is easy to understand why middle-distance race event often black athletes take the lead. On August 15, in Women's 10000 Meters final, the player in the first group is nearly all black athletes. Finally, Ethiopian suspenseful star second good result of history of 66 win the championship with 29 minute and 54 seconds, and created the new Olympic Games record. She has been over the past 15 years first to run into the players of 30 minutes. It has a certain relation with the gene that the sports of the terminal and genetic human body are terminal. The scientist of Swedish Stockholm and Karelin Sri Lankan card institute finds recently, those athletes with endurance of going beyond the normal condition are different from other athletes physiologically. Scientific research group please arrive 9 world-class player, afford to stop at machine of laboratory, row the boat by bike, up to more than 24 hours continuously. According to athletes' heart and supersession data, researchers find tentatively, mitochondria that the endurance sports of going beyond the normal condition make athletes produce energy in the muscle is good at using fat rather than glucose as the fuel. The energy that arise from fat is higher than glucose, and seldom burn the fat while moving vigorously, go beyond the normal condition the intersection of endurance and athlete can utilize fat better, make glucose store, leave match back segment to use. Where does ultra endurance athletes' special physiological ability come from? Result from the reason that innate or will train the day after tomorrow? A research exceeding 400 match players of South Africa iron-man triathlon correctly indicates, the gene may produce some function. As far back as 1998, the scientist found a certain gene and mountaineer had something to do with the ground force soldier's endurance. Recently, researcher find achievement have, 77% carry a certain the intersection of endurance and a few variation of gene in the best athlete, iron-man triathlon of South Africa, and only 67% of ordinary philtrum. And another two kind may influence blood circulation and muscle supersession efficiency during variation. The athletes of 30 one's job in 12 hours on average of achievement of iron-man triathlon, these two kinds of genetic mutations that are carried are comparatively rational, taking has it " more slowly " Mutant athletes, the achievement can only be up to 13 on average small It is 04 hour.


|